How are fashion and appearance central to the construction of social identities Essay Example for Free

How atomic number 18 mood and de implyor central to the construction of kindly identities auditionWe live in a world were physical look is the measurement of our self-worth. Media advertisements more often than not show how good deal bum improve their appearance and why it is of the essence(p). From job interviews to genial events, how raft look and crop determine other flocks impression. In this age of increased self-consciousness, fashion and appearance play a crucial role in establishing the social identity of a individual. Fashion, as defined by many books and other resources, can be defined as the prevalent style and custom at a definite point in time and the word may also mean the study of this certain fashion trends. Even though there are many things that can be considered prevalent at a certain time, fashion more often than not points more to enclothe or clothing style. Different periods of time have different fashion. There is no other utilize art which affects the ein truthday lives of the people other than fashion. Fashion design is responsible for the clothing that we wear since the ancient times. Clothing does not only help us keep warm but it also shapes us in the psychological and social aspect. Basic on the wholey, clothing forms a basis of a persons social identity.Fashion has become a part of the culture since the early times. Different ethnic groups have different clothes which reflect their culture. Fashion based on about researches done by cultural scientists play a role in social and cultural structure, social differentiation and social integration (Davis, 1994, p. 16). affectionate identity is the vogue people are categorized or label themselves. This can be in forms of their race or ethnicity. This can also be defined as how people associate or identify themselves into certain groups which serve to heighten their self esteem beca aim they have the same social identities.Since people are social animals, sociologist s deemed that social identity is an important aspect of a person. bulk want to be assured that they belong to one group or they positively compare with other group of people. When talking about social identity in terms of fashion, it is more than how majority of sociologist in the world reverberate the concept as mere social class or status. Social identity includes how people communicate with others through symbolic manner such as the fashion they dress or through clothing. It is also the configuration of attributes and attitudes which people seek to attain and discuss about themselves.Fashion contributes to the redefinition and reconstruction of a certain social identity by continually adding mostthing new to cultural artifacts. Everything undergoes evolution and perhaps fashion is one thing that changes fast it is fashion. People change the way they dress when the weather changes. People change the way they carry their clothes when something in their environment shifts. Stud ies and researchers which were geared towards understanding the culture of a certain parliamentary procedure more often than not focus on artifacts which are evidences of the past and present culture of a place.The woven pieces of clothing are often considered as indicators of social customs and social hierarchies. Anthropologists consider clothing as less prone to changes done by the capitalist market and are indeed richer or more stable indicators of sociological and cultural truths. Because of this, anthropologists invested far more energy and resources in investigating and examining the significance of the structure, form, and pattern of clothing than other cultural artifacts. For an instance, the way American Indians wear their clothes which were originally made from animal skin is still the same as before.Emergence of new ways of clothing did not change their original culture (Breward, 2003, p. 64). Fashion and its effect on 19th century Attempts to reform the way people dr ess first appeared during the nineteenth century. The people were suck uping to get tired of the constricting features of clothing and the too elaborate features of dresses. Women who were fighting for their rights such as Elizabeth Stanton, Elizabeth Miller and Amelia Bloomer were the women who designed the then very famous bloomer dress which was consisted of an uncorseted mid-calf dress which was set over pantaloons (Stearns, 1994, p. 12). Many improvements were made since then to peoples clothing. Different eras reflected different styles of clothing and are more often than not also reflective of the prevalent social identity. For example, during the Victorian era it can be said that the clothing of the people were handle straitjackets which aimed to constrict the movements and manners of people. Women during the Victorian era were expected by the society to move and deal only when instructed by their male counterpart.Another example of how clothing or fashion plays a role in the construction of social identity is the wearing of uniforms of the military, police or religious personas. The wearing of uniforms based on social researches done impose an aura of confidence and authority so that they can make the people around them follow their orders either get outingly or unwillingly (Crane, 2001, p. 3). Clothing also affected the way people measure their social status or whether they were rich or poor during the early nineteenth century.Clothes were generally considered as one of the most valuable possessions during this time. During the Industrial Revolution, clothes were started to be manufactured by machines or in factories and these clothes greet more than average. Newly made clothes were not available to the poor because of the cost and they were left to use hand-me-d admits or used clothing. Clothes were very expensive that it was even considered a form of currency by the rich and often replaced gold as means of payment. Fashion and clothing are als o means in which people differentiate themselves from others.Rare fashion finds such as antique clothes are used by people who want to get their uniqueness from others. They may wear it as everyday clothing or on special occasion. Regardless of when they will wear it, these kinds of clothing are purposeless by people to establish an identity which is different from others (Barnard, 2002, p. 61). Another example of how clothing constructs social identities was when large immigrants arrived in the United States during the second half of the nineteenth century.The immigrants who arrived immediately disposed their new clothing and used the new clothes available in the country. Through this method, anthropologists were able to deduce that the people wanted to start a new social identity so they immediately dropped their old ways of clothing. Hats were also famous article of clothing during the nineteenth century and it played the most important role in distinguishing the social status of a person. The bowler hat which was designed in England in 1850 was originally made as an occupational hat but was soon adopted by the people from the upper class for sports.It was not too long until people from all social strata adopted the bowler hat for everyday use. Another example, the cap with visor which was mainly used by military officers, was also adopted by the on the job(p) class by the middle of the nineteenth century. The visor cap, then known as the peaked cap was considered to be the most common head covering fire for the working man. Fashion and its effect on the twenty-first century In the recent years, especially the twenty-first century, clothes were not deemed with the same economic wideness unlike in the previous centuries.Because of the cheap ready-made clothes that were made available to all social classes, clothes were not used as electric switch for gold unlike before. Even though the economic value of clothes was not as significant as before, their s ymbolic value remained as important as before. The availability of clothes to all social classes made it possible for those who are not so very affluent to still express their individualities and own cultures. Another example of how clothes changed the way people perceive their social identities is if before women were not allowed to wear tight clothes or those which confine their body. straight off women can wear tight clothes such as leotards and spandex whenever they like because of their liberalization. Women of today are not expected to conform much to how the society expects them to behave or to act. They are also not forced to stay at home anymore but women are now doing what the men do. Indeed, the gender compare experienced in this century is reflected in the way women dress. Cross-dressing or the wearing of clothing that is associated with a different gender, is also another way of how fashion hypothecate the social identity of people (Bullough, 1993, p. ). Homosexuals b efore were forced to follow the prescribed way of dressing for their gender. Unlike today where in homosexuals are free to dress the way they want, without being afraid of other people and punishments. They can wear womens clothing and express their identities freely unlike before. Teenagers or adolescents also use fashion to set their own social identity from their parents or those from an older generation. If we turn on the television or visit a high school, we can see teenagers strutting outrageous clothes such as those with bright colors or elaborate designs.If people from an older generation prefer simpler designs of clothes, teenagers prefer those with striking effects to highlight the generation difference (Sloan, 2009). Perhaps this is how the youth of todays generation set their social identity. If ever we see an old person dressing up the way the teenagers do, these persons are often considered out of the ordinary. This social identity is somehow embedded in the minds of the people and teenagers are now remembered this way. People who prefer work than leisure or vice versa can also be determined by the way they dress.During they first years of the twentieth century, the three-piece business suit was considered by many to be the epitome of the high social class and are often worn during important events. Though some wear the business suit as everyday apparel, others still consider it as a social class distinction. There were also strict regulations as to how a business should be worn and made. There were exact measurements for the lapels, collars and sleeves. The strict regulations about business suits were deemed as a factor in how people will achieve success. The use of the public T-Shirt was associated with leisure.Because of its availability and cheap cost, majority of the public during the early twentieth century prefer shirts over the business suits. As time passed, t-shirts were used by people to set off political agendas such as imprinting p olitical statements on t-shirts or other wry statements. No matter what social class people belong in, rich or poor, t-shirts are favored by these people. Fashion transmitted by popular culture or music come and go very rapidly. Clothes designed because of the effect of the popular culture and the entertainment media are often exceedingly androgynous.There are people who call themselves gothic and they are identified socially by their gloomy appearance and wearing of black colored clothes. establish rock groups also affect the fashion scene by popularizing leather clothes. Rap musicians like rock groups popularized the baggy clothes worn by some teenagers today. Indeed fashion drew a line between different genres of music and avid fans of the different music genres also follow this fashion therefore setting a social identity for them. Fashion undoubtedly constructs and affects the social identity of a person in more ways than one.Fashion and all the attributes it entails are a va st reservoir of meanings and culture of a certain society. From fashion magazines to television advertisements, fashion is a way of introducing something new to the public. Because of what they see in these popular advertisements, the peoples way of thinking is affected. People also depend on clothes and trend of fashion to express themselves and their uniqueness. Without this part of our culture, people will have lesser chances of expressing themselves and their individuality.

Health Promotion Essay Example for Free

health Promotion EssayThis is an essay closely a thirty year old woman c each(prenominal)ed mollie who is a little arcminute anaemic, recently gave birth to her second born called Sebastian. mollie leaves with her husband called James and their three year old handle called Eric.The purpose and aim of this essay is to arrange wellness and health advancemental material, a brief discussion about Mollys anaemic. The key concepts in this essay will be delimitate such as health and health forward motion. A rational for my plan will also be discussed as well as the dimension of Mollys health such as her biomedical poseur oh health, her psychological model of health, her companionable model of health and also her psychological factors which may affect her wellness such as cognitive factors, demeanoural factors and env crusademental factors which can be use to enhance Molly and her familys health. My rational for choosing to write about Molly is that, from research I did, I found out that anaemia is one of the most common pathological condition encountered in primary c ar. Its consequences, although lowly in most cases, are potentially very sever. It was said in August 2009 that about 12,500 have anaemia, and in UK 1 in 7 children have mild iron deficiency anaemia. As this is due to the low red meat levels in our current diet, for similar reasons umteen women of menstruation age also iron deficient.First of all, health is the absence of illness, by Naidoo and Wills(2000), whilst Dines and Cridd (1993) argued that health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well being, and non merely the absence of illness of infirmity. However, the World wellness Organisation (WHO 1998) defined as the extent to which an individual is able to realize expectations and fulfil needs and to change or cope with the environment. in person I think being healthy , is the absence of illness.Blaxter (1990) undertook two studies on how various tidy sum define d their own health one of a liberal side view of the population and one from a low social class disadvantaged families. She discovered that a negative definition of illness was used, among plurality defining health as the absence of diseases. However, there were clear differences between the various age groups and between sexes. Younger males desirely to highlight issues linked to authority and holdness, while older males stressed mental well-being. Younger women focus on vitality and the ability to cope in various circumstances, while older women public lecture about satisfaction, but also embroil wider issues such as social relationships.Howlett et al. (1992) used Blaxters data in a more comprehensive psychometric test of ethnic differences in defining health. Their results recommended that there were differences among the various ethnic groups, with people of Asian origin defining health in a practical or functional way, while people from African-Caribbean origin were mor e likely to include fundamentals of health, although the research outcome for the definition of health was not clear however, health is not a simple idea but quite multifaceted, among different groups defining it different ways, this typifys that, some ethnics think that being physically fit means you are healthy whiles other ethnic groups also think that when a person is fit and mentally sick means to them that the person is unhealthy. jibe to the WHO (1998), health is a process of enabling individual to increase suppress over and improve their health. However, Tannahill (1996) explained health promotion in greater detail and defined health promotion as health gentility, health promotion and the prevention of illness. Health promotion is the prevention of ill health and the reduction in human activity known risk factors for disease, as well as the increase in social capital and the empowerment of individuals and communities. Empowerment is difficult to define and has been used to mean different things. Rissell (1994) (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001) describes empowerment as the holy grail of health promotion, defining it as process through which people become strong exuberant to participate, share in the control of and influence events and institutions affecting their lives Tones (1995) (cited by Naidoo and Wills) argues that, for individuals to be empowered, they may need to acquire information or decision-making skills and has consistently argued that health education is the mainstay of population health promotion, health promotion will empower Molly to be aware of the dangers of his health.Promoting health therefore means focusing not just on preventing disease but also on peoples social and mental health, therefore health promotion may include preventive activities, education, community-based social action, the creation of healthy environments and policies for framework The recent health strategy for England, Saving Lives Our Healthier Nation (DOH, 1999), (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001)suggests that the public, the community and government has a role to play in health improvement and these roles has been identified as (a)Government and national players assessing risks, communicating these risks clearly to the public and ensuring supportive environments for health. b) Communities working in league with other agencies to provide better Information and services. (Naidoo and Wills 2001 p280) The 1846 Public Health Act included that local authorities are require to provide brush water supplies and sewage disposable system, the no smoking policy in public areas etc. Tannahill (1985) (cited by Naidoo and Wills 2001) provided some examples of recognized expressive models of health promotion as prevention, health education and health protection.First and foremost, I will talk about Mollys biomedical health which is Anaemia. Biomedical model of health and can be defined mainly as the absence of disease. Anaemia is a condition in whic h the number of red blood cells (RBCs) is decreased or there is a reduction in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. Molly acquired her anaemia in her maternity since anaemia is associated with pregnancy in a serious health problem it is also an important public health problem worldwide and the most vulnerable group are pregnant women like Molly. Molly being anaemic could be her iron deficiency which is probably the most common and important because, the physiological changes associated with pregnancy apply a demand of additional iron, which is needed for foetus.Mollys health can tugd here through health education by the health practitioners about the consumption of food that are rich in vitamins, minerals and elements specifically identified as therapeutic for this condition. This education can gradually help Molly promote her health. Because health education plays an important role in health promotions as it covers all human face of activities that help improve the health sta tus of people and their surroundings. Ewles and Sinnet (2003) suggested that health promotion is the action of empowering individuals to enable them takes control over their lives, in order to improve their health and lifestyle. Naidoo and will (2000), further add that health promotion is a great deal seen as prevention of disease, often through targeting groups with an increased like hood of developing specific disease.The leaflet can be displayed at health clinic like GP surgeries, well woman clinic and hospital reception and wards so that health professionals can use it to educate, council, teach and empower women and also, be well informed. It can also be displayed at social clubs, schools and super markets so that everyone can get one and not necessarily go to their GP surgeries or hospital in the lead being able to get one. The leaflet has been designed in a way that every individual will be able to read and understand. I believe it is very important to be brief and straight forward when designing a health promotion leafletAgain, I will check at her psychological model of health. This is post natal depression. Psychological health is the effect of the mind and the relationship between physical activity and general aspect of psychological well-being for example smoking, alcohol, diet, exercise etc. Mollys postnatal depression can be of a combination of many factors. (Physical, psychological and social). Molly can be depressed in so many ways one can be due to the fact that her having another baby will be the biggest physical, emotional and social factor she will ever experience. Molly preparing adequately to meet her new born baby can be difficult and sometimes laced with unrealistic expectation. If Mollys expectations are not are not met and also caring for her new baby proves to be difficult, she will tend to blame herself. However the postnatal depression can make Molly depress if her baby experiences severe baby blues, or having difficulties in her marriage with her husband and or lack of practical and emotional support or being the perfect mother and being ill prepared for the public of parenting.Moreover, Molly having a negative birth experience, experiencing unexpected complication, like baby born prematurely or unwell and lastly her new born demanding, having difficulties in feeding, experiencing colic and or being frequently unsettled. all these factors will contribute to make Molly depress. Mollys health can be improving her through many different types of therapy and some of these are cognitive behavior therapy. This is where by a person thinks negatively about themselves. E.g. like I am a blow and no one loves me. It could be Mollys thinks negatively about herself. Also interpersonal therapy, psychologist and psychiatrist.Lastly, I will talk about her Social model of health which is isolation. the social model of health watchfully considers how bigger determinants than the occurrence or absence of disease have an i mpact on peoples health for example poor housing, air pollution, poor drinking water leading to sickness like cholera. Some of these bigger determinants are a persons finishing and belief method or levels of relative income, access to housing, education achievement and opportunities as well as the wider environmental. Molly feels isolated due to the fact that she has got a new baby and would not get the chance to meet her friends and family as she used to do before. Below is a care plan done for Molly on how she can promote her health? Needs/problemHealth promotion Approach/strategyActivityAnaemia (Biomedical Health)Identify the typical haemoglobin levels that define anaemia in children/adolescents and post-pubertal men and women. Eating iron rich foods and red meat.To take vitamin B complex supplement. Post natal depression (Psychological factor) measure individual to see if they are under stress, depressed or also thinking about suicidal.Routine screening using the EPDS which is offered to delivered others prior to discharge. Isolation (social factor) prepare individual risk factors ReassuranceEncouragementEmpathyEmpowermentThis care plan has been done on how Mollys health can be improved. The Code of master copy Conduct (NMC, 2004) talks about promoting patients interest, by helping them gain access to their health care by providing them with the necessary information and support to their relevant needs, impact knowledge in order to develop skills and make an informed choice about their health behaviour (tones and tilford, 1994). Health promotion brings awareness of obesity and its associated health risks that cause early mortality. Most individual see the challenges to their need to change but refuse to because they dont see the need to , due to close up perceived advantages, in this case people need to be motivated to give some thoughts to enable them do something about their behaviour, and if possible set up an action plan with a possible reward syste m put in place to maintain a successful change in behaviour and to avoid relapse, though there may be occasional relapse to earlier stage (Prochashka and Diclemente, 1984).In summary, irrespective of health promotion strategies and models adopted, health promotion is an effective mean of educating, helping people understand their behaviour and how it can affect their health. This care plan can be useful tool to all health care professional involved in health promotion and because care plan alone cannot have the greatest impact on people behaviour. It is therefore important to advise them on the health risk associated with being anaemic and encourage them make their own choice for a healthier lifestyle.REFERENCESBecker M. (1974) The health belief model and personal behaviour. Throfare New Jersey Slack.Berkman LF, Glass T. Social integration, social networks, social support, and health. In Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social Epidemiology. New York Oxford 2000.Blaxter et al. (1996). How to research. Buckingham Open University Press. Downie, R.S., Tannahill, C. Tannahill, A. (1996). Health promotion models and values. (2nd ed). Oxford Oxford Medical Publications.Ewles L, and Simnet I (2003) promoting Health A Practical Guide. 5th edition. Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall.House JS. Work stress and social support. Reading, MA Addison-Wesley 1981. Kemm J, and Close A. (1995) Health Promotion possibility and practice London Macmillan press.Lincoln KS. Social Support, negative social interactions, and psychological well-being. Soc Serv Rev 2000(June)231552.Naidoo J, Wills J. (2000) Health Promotion Foundations for Practice. 2nd edition. London Bailliere Tindall.Naidoo, J and Wills, J. (2001). Health promotion. Naidoo and Wills. Health studies An Introduction. London PALGRAVE. P 275-290.Nurising and Midwifery Council (2004) Code of Professional Conduct. London NMCTones K, and Tilford S. (1994) Health Education Effectiveness, Efficiency Chapman Hall. and Equity. 2nd edition. London Chapman Hall.Umberson D. Family status and health behaviors social control as a dimension of social integration. J Health Soc Behav198728 30619.World Health Organisation (1998) Education for Health, A Manul on Health Education in Primary Health Care. Geneva WHO.

Exploring An Occurrence At Owl Creek Bridge

Exploring An Occurrence At hooter creek BridgeThe short story An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge has received to a greater extent critical attention than whatever other single work written by Ambrose Bierce. This is most likely because of the way the story combines into one text the better components distributed among much of Bierces fiction such(prenominal) as narrative, game, imagery, the exposure of human-deception, and a surprise ending (Stoicheff 1). In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Bierce differentiates between internecine and external worlds and illustrates that the mind can create its give realities and plys. He does not tell the reviewer that Farquhar is hallucinating, but instead expects the ref to evaluate the story and go out the impossibility of events described in the final events of the story. With such literary techniques, Bierce opposed m either of the literary trends of his day in both his journalism and his fiction. He believed any view of life which ignored the unconscious processes of mind could not call itself realistic (Davidson 2). Bierces works reflect his obsession with ironic, unnecessary, and strange death, as well as his cynical, disillusioned attitude on the meaninglessness of life (Habibi 2). He detested war and saw firsthand the absurdity and insanity of it. This emerges as a connecting fore in several of his writings. His protagonists are usually antiheroes and they appoint conscious decisions based on flawed thinking, which netly lead to tragic predicaments (Habibi 2-3). Bierce is known for his use of literary atoms and skillfully uses third person narrative, a quickly paced maculation, realistic detail, and blends fantasy and reality to lead the lecturer into believing in Farquhars escape. Therefore, the lector is unable to go out Farquhars true fate until the very end of the story.Bierce cleverly chooses to write this story in third person narrative. By using third person narrative, the designer is able to do a variety of different things to capture the readers attention and keep them guessing. He most likely chooses this course of action to convey to the reader the main characters feelings and emotions and to conceal his death. This perspective, often called limited omniscience, tells the story from an observers standpoint (Samide 1). By definition, this narrator knows all things important in the story, even a characters own thoughts. Therefore, the reader is able to get a more in depth look into how the main character is feeling, as well as tell the reader the external world of the story (Samide 1). In this story, the author chooses to focus on the mind of only one main character, Farquhar, and enters it extensively throughout the course of the story. At any given time, the narrator may also move in and out of the chosen characters mind and thoughts, or inform the reader about what is happening in the outer world of the story. Because the author chooses this point of view, it is difficult for the reader to know Farquhars escape is unreal until the finally line of the story, when the narrator emerges from his mind to tell the reader Farquhar is dead (Samide 1). Bierce skillfully forces the reader to believe in Farquhars hallucinated escape and therefore, is able to surprise the reader with Farquhars death. It enables Bierce to take the reader inside Farquhars mind to demonstrate how stirred confusion alters not only the way the mind interprets the reality of a situation, but also the way it perceives the passage of time.Bierce also uses a rapidly paced plot to keep the reader from figuring out the surprise ending. He quickly paces the plot in order to distract the reader from closely examining Farquhars unlikely escapes from death. to begin with the reader has time to consider the likelihood of a broken neck from the rope or some other injury, Bierce has Farquhar struggling not to drown. He sinks dusky into the water, his hands facilitate tied togeth er and the noose still wrapped around his neck. So instead of thinking about his broken neck or suffering from another injury, the reader focuses on his new problem of drowning. Then, somehow, Farquhar is able to free his hands from the rope and slips off the noose. But again, the reader is relieved that Farquhar escapes drowning that he does not fully examine the likeliness of this escape. Then, Farquhar bursts to the outdoors of the water for air and must start dodging bullets, diverting the readers attention once more from the precedent escapes from the ropes and drowning (Samide 3). Therefore, by using a rapid paced plot, Bierce is able to distract the reader from examining the likeliness of the escapes by creating new diversions, making it more believable for the reader.Another literary device Bierce uses in An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge is the element of imagery. Bierce relies heavily upon imagery throughout the story, centering on sight and sounds to make his tale more convincing. Bierce goes to great lengths to describe the opening sequence in terms of its military arrangement. He provides vivid images of group formations and soldier stances such as a single company of infantry in line, the barrels inclining backward against the right shoulder, the hands crossed upon the stock, at parade rest the butts of the rifles on the ground (Bierce 72). These descriptions show Bierces past military experience in various wars and battles, giving the story a sense of realism. Also by using such realistic details, Bierce is able to make Farquhars escape more believable to the reader. After the first round of shots from the soldiers, when he hears the captain give orders to fire, Farquhar dives deep into the water. Some of the bullets, still warm from the guns, spiral down into the water beside him (Samide 3). unity lodged between his collar and neck it was uncomfortably warm and he snatched it out. (Bierce 75) These few examples of realism lead the reader to believe that Farquhar is really escaping. When he comes to the surface again, the current has taken Farquhar out of shooting range of personal weapons, but he must now problem about the cannon being used. The first shot misses, but sprays him with water. The second shot is a much better shot that will surely pretend him, but suddenly, the current whirls him around a bend in the river and throws him up on the bank, out of aim of the cannon (Samide 3). While the rapid series of dangers has caused the reader to consider the probability of each escape, the authors use of imagery and realistic detail convinces the reader that he is out of danger and is now on his way to finis his escape by losing himself in the dense forest and getting back home to his wife and family (Samide 3). The rest of the story goes on to describe Farquhars long detonate home. He continues on his journey through the forest and finally arrives to the gate of his own home. He sees his wife and she holds out her hands in joyous welcome. As Farquhar reaches out to embrace her, he feels a stunning blow to his neck, sees a blinding white light, hears a sounds like the shock of a cannon-then all is swarthiness and silence (Bierce76). At this point in the story, the limited narrator moves out of Farquhars mind and returns to the objective world on the bridge, revealing to the reader the shocking last line and revelation that, all along, the escape was Farquhars hallucination (Samide 3-4). Peyton Farquhar was dead his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to side on a lower floor the timbers of the Owl Creek Bridge. (Bierce 76)One of the literary elements Bierce uses that he is most known for is his shading of fantasy and reality. Bierce mixes the external world of death with Farquhars internal world, resulting in the success of his hallucination. Farquhar, in his mind, is imagining his incredible escape when he is actually dying. Bierce skillfully uses fictions and similes in order to secretly describe the true fate of Farquhar. For example, Bierce uses the pendulum not only as a significant metaphor for time, but also as a simile for Farquhars body, which swung gently from side to side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek Bridge (Bierce 76). Farquhar is conscious of motion of a vast pendulum because his body literally traces, and therefore senses it. Similar intrusions of other objective stimuli into Farquhars experience occur throughout the rest of the story. The sharp report of the firing gun, its some later dulled thunder, and the alleged explosion of the cannon that was cracking and smashing the branches in the forest beyond are all Farquhars hallucinated revision of the sound of his own neck breaking. Bierce successfully emphasizes the association, describing the literal event of Farquhars neck breaking as occurring with sound like the shock of a cannon. Farquhars single of rising rising toward the surface of the water is the dreamers understanding of the slight bounce the body experiences after reaching the extremity of its flexible rope the feeling of almost drowning in the creek modifies the event of strangulation itself the horribly aching neck and the uncomfortably warm bullet impossibly lodged between his collar and his neck under the water reinterpret the pain in the ass of hanging the counter-swirl that spins him around in the current refers to the twisting at the end of the rope the projecting point which concealed him from his enemies transforms the bridge now above him the sensation of his own tongue thrusting forward from between his teeth into the cold air registers its grotesque protrusion during strangulation the inability to feel the roadway beneath his feet is a similarly accurate feeling, dutifully revised into an understandable fatigue, thirst and numbness near the end of his narrative of escape (Stoicheff 3). Thus, a key element in the story is the distention of time and the blending of fantasy and reality. The reader is left with a range of reactions the element of surprise, the promise and loss of hope, the tragedy of death, the ultimate coherence of objective reality, and acknowledgment of Bierces carefully constructed deception (Habibi 1).Bierce skillfully blends the third person point of view that conceals Farquhars death until the very end, a rapidly paced plot of narrow escapes from death that distract the reader, concrete details that make the final escape seem real, and the technique of blending fantasy and reality (Samide 4). Bierces usage of narrative, plot, imagery, and blending of fantasy and reality make it hard for the reader to detect Farquhars true fate until the final line of the story. In An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Bierce distinguishes between the internal and external worlds of Farquhar and shows the reader that the mind can create its own realities and its own escapes. He expects the reader to evaluate the story and realize on his own the impossibility of e vents described in the final events of the story (Davidson 2). Bierce purposely uses these elements of fiction in order to create a suspenseful ending that connects with the rudimentary theme of the human need to escape death.Work CitedWelty Bierce, Ambrose. An Occurrence at Owl Creek. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 9th ed. Ed. Edgar V. Roberts. New York Pearson Longman, 2009, 71-76.Samide, Daniel E. Anatomy of a mere Ambrose Bierce Cleverly Used Some Key Literary Tools in Crafting His Civil War Tale An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. The Writer may 200542. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 5 Apr. 2010.Habibi, Don Asher. The experience of a lifetime philosophical reflections on a narrative device of Ambrose Bierce. Studies in the Humanities 29.2 (2002) 83+. pedantic OneFile. Web. 11 Apr. 2010.Davidson, Cathy N. Ambrose (Gwinett) Bierce. American Short-Story Writers Before 1880. Ed. Bobby Ellen Kimbel and William E. Grant. Detroit Gale Research, 1988. Dicti onary of Literary Biography Vol. 74. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Apr. 2010.Stoicheff, Peter. Something Uncanny The Dream Structure in Ambrose Bierces An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. Studies in Short Fiction 30.3 (Summer 1993) 349-357. Joseph Palmisano. Vol. 72. Detroit Gale, 2004. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 10 Apr. 2010.

Automation Technologies in IT Organisations

Automation Technologies in IT OrganisationsMost IT organizations would have several automation technologies in use. Scripting would be the virtually popular method acting of automation in IT.Automation is the connecting of different systems and software in a way that they become self-operating. Examples of these systems used areArtificial Neural Net croakDistributed simpleness SystemProgrammable Logic ControllersSupervisory Control and Data AcquisitionIntelligent AutomationIn many organizations, automation could be used for information magnetic core operations and batch processing of large files. This would do away with the need for IT employees during this period, with the I.T professionals only being required if a processing situation accoutred. This use of mechanical and electronic equipment testament decrease the need for human interactionDistributed Control systems control action is distributed and monitoring is centralised. The whole system of controllers is linked by net works for colloquy and monitoring. It a designed control system used to control complex, large, and geographically distributed applications in industrial processes. It divide a large application into multiple smaller subsystems, each of which carries out a portion of the application, and allow these subsystems to communicate with one a nonher. Distributed control systems have advanced from two older technologies, direct digital control, and loan-blend control. (Siemens, 2007)Distributed controllers are linked to field devices and operating PCs through high speed communication networks. Discrete field devices such as sensors and actuators are directly affiliated to input and output controller modules through communication bus. These field devices or smart instruments can communicate with PLCs or other controllers while interacting with real earthly concern parameters like temperature, pressure, etc. (robo, 2016)Discrete Control Systems featuresCan process complex processesSystem redundancyScalable platformSystem security(robo, 2016) says An important invention in a DCS is the of breaking down of software into smaller logical parts, independent of system hardware. This makes system design much to a greater extent effective as the software is smaller. This makes it easier to write, debug and maintain than the larger programs in computer and PLC systemsAn machine-controlled system doesnt learn from previous experiences, a simple example of this would be an email spam filter. Occasionally, vital emails wind up in the spam folder while spam emails gets past the filter (Rouse, 2012). Intelligent automation is helps to solve this errors.The benefits would not just be cost reduction but can happen toAccountabilityEfficiencyPredictabilityGreater scaleProduct innovationsIntelligent automation is changing the way business is done and has progressed substantially in recent years. These new developments is to have a massive impact in the world of work. IBM has annou nced a $1 billion investment to commercialize its Watson cognitive computing technology. (Deloitte, 2015)Systems and software can detect and produce enormous amounts of data that then automates the entire processes, adapts, and improves. action variety from the essentials to the ground-breaking. These can be anything from data analysis to unmanned self-driving cars. Intelligent automation software needs to understand your business developments and their variations. It has to take into account that data when performing automated business developments authentication to verify that the correct business result happens.The variety of business difficulties in which these services and software can be used on the increase as new technologies for voice recognition, natural language processing, and mold learning advance. They can be used by most people and are gradually becoming accessible as open source or low-cost products.Employee resistance (worker displacement)Less versatility by havi ng a machine that can perform a certain task limits to the flexibility and variety of tasks that an employee could do.High Cost of upgraded machines can be expensive, operating costs and maintenance for this equipment will add extra cost. Machines can be anywhere between thousands and millions of euro depending on the automation.Increase in unemployment more advanced automation will leave more people out of work.Unpredictable costs there can be several unpredictable costs that may exceed the actual cost saved by the automation itself. Some of these costs could include research and development costs of automating a process, preventative maintenance costs, and the cost of training employees to operate automated machines.The technologies are starting to become available and if applied correctly and it can lead to opportunities for the future. The opportunity could be beneficial for workers, doing away with repetitive and dangerous work in all forms. This could lead for people havin g a higher standard of living and a better way of life.Business benefits would not only be cost reduction over time but can better use the highly skilled workers in other project critical areas. It would lead to faster and better results, better services and products.Deloitte. (2015, 03). deloitte.com. Retrieved from deloitte.com https//www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/about-deloitte/us-ibm-watson-client.pdfrobo, d. (2016). automationforum. Retrieved from http//www.automationforum.co/2016/04/introduction-to-dcs-distributed-control.htmlRouse, M. (2012). TechTarget. Retrieved from http//searchitoperations.techtarget.com/definition/IT-automationSiemens. (2007). http//leadwise.mediadroit.com/files/7405DCS_PLC_WP.pdf. Retrieved from http//leadwise.mediadroit.com/files/7405DCS_PLC_WP.pdf

The consumer pull demand in packaged milk

The throw downr pull quest in box take outAs the topic of the look into is The consumer pull require ment in (Packaged milk) industry so it involves an in depth need about the nature of the consumer, taste the consumer likes, preferences of the consumer, mark loyalty and many other characteristics relate to the consumer and as intimately as to the reaping. According to this research topic the most suitable research type suppose to be officed is Descriptive Research. This give inspection and repair to determine the target food grocery and segmentation done in the beverages ( case milk) industry. Descriptive research is most commonly used and the basic reason for carrying out descriptive research is to identify the cause of something that is happening. Descriptive research is used to obtain teaching c erstwhilerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exist with respect to variable or condition in a situation The descriptive research result further h elp to conduct descriptive surveys to identify the characteristics of consumers who purchase soft drinks, for practice mostly consumers tend to live in larger cities demoraliseers are mostly youngsters, housewives, working people and so on it will help to determine the market potential it will help to identify the extent of differences in the needs, perceptions and attitudes of the sub groups.3.2 Research HypothesisThe following hypothesis will be formulated and tested by the researcher.Ho The impact of advertising will non effect on consumer demand.H1 The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand.Ho Consumer preferences will not be checked about the type of milk they buy.H1 Consumer preferences will be checked about the type of milk they buy.Ho The reason why customers will not discriminate among divergent pocksH1 The reason why customers will discriminate among different brands.Ho Extent of competitive forces in the market will not be checked.H1 Extent of competit ive forces in the market will be checked.Ho To analyze the consumer campaigns not in the market.H1 To analyze the consumer trends in the market.Ho To monitoring device the extent to which consumer demand will not be adjoined by core features of product.H1 To monitor the extent to which consumer demand will be affected by core features of product.3.4 Theoretical Framework DiagramThe theoretical framework has been made with the help of the variables which are related to the consumer pull demand in beverages (soft drinks) industry. With the help of the variables it becomes mild to the study about the relationship between different factors affecting the consumer pull demand.PRICING marketplace skimmingMarket penetration luff market label imageProduct DiversityBrand Consumer ChoiceConvenienceAttractionBrand ImageSalesExternal FactorsSocialCulturalEconomic intelligentReligiousGovernment incaseBrand imageEye catching packagingUsage statusadvertizingConsumer perceptionConsumer preferenc esBrand imageCONSUMER gazumpCONSUMER PULL dispersalAvailabilityNeed satisfyingBrand imageConsumer purchasing PowerHigh nursing home income.More than one earning share.Brand image.3.4.1 variable star Reference ListDependent VariableConsumer pull demandIndependent VariableMarket spirit levelDistribution announcePricing.Product diversity.PackagingConsumer Buying PowerSelective DistributionCore ProductNeed SatisfyingAvailabilityConsumer PerceptionConsumer PreferenceMarket PenetrationMarketing SkimmingTarget MarketDemandUsage StatusBrand ImageEye-catching Packaging.External Factors.Product diversity.3.4.2 Theoretical Justifications of VariablesIn the framework each variable is related to the consumer pull demand and they show that how each of them affects consumer pull demand in the beverages (milk industry) industry.The variable used market stage effects the sales of milk (packaged milk) industry. Market stage helps to determine the market situation and consumer behaviors correspo nd to the changes in the market situations. Market stage includes to determine market life cycle, consumer behavior, product demand which includes that whether the demand is inelastic or elastic and these tot onlyy end up to see the sales of the soft drinks industry. afterwards doing survey on these all components of the market stage the sales can be maximized.The second variable used in the theoretical framework is distribution this as well as helps in maximizing the sales in the packaged milk industry. Its genuinely important to dumbfound the product available to all the locations so that consumers may feel ease in buying the product. Distribution helps to make the product available and convenient. Distribution also includes giving the clipping and place advantages to the consumers so that they are able to purchase the product because through all these ways product will be placed at every shop and consumers will have a adept image about the product. This will help to increa se the sales of the packaged milk. Packaging is a very important aspect in increasing the sales of a product. The packaging of the packaged milk will help the order to gain brand visual and brand identity. For positioning a product good packaging is very essential. Packaging helps to attract the consumers towards the product and from packaging.The product is differentiated from other products. So packaging is considered to be an important element for increasing the sales in soft drinks industry.Advertising is also an important element for increasing the sales of a product. Advertising can be done above the line (ATL) and below the line (BTL). Advertising can also be done through mediums such as television, radio, banners, billboards and newspapers. Advertising helps the product in gaining popularity. This will help to increase the sales.Pricing also helps for the success of the product. Pricing includes the strategies such as market skimming and market penetration. With the help of pricing it becomes easy to identify the target market and by this company can offer the prices which consumers are ready to pay. If the consumer finds the product reasonable so this is positive for the sales of the product.Product diversity plays an important role for gaining the increasing trend in the sales. Product diversity creates brand consumer choice and brand image, it also makes the consumers to get attracted towards the product. Consumers get variety in products so they dont get bore and they detainment of buying new variety of products.External factors also increase the sales of the product. External factors include study on demographics, economic conditions, competition, social and cultural forces, engineering and lastly the political and legal forces. In marketing external factors have a major influence on products marketing opportunities and activities. So the study of all related factors helps in increasing the sales in the soft drinks industry.3.5.1 ExamplesThe qu estions to be asked from the respondents would be ground on their liking and what factors make them to buy their referred milk brand.Q1. Do you use packaged milk or swooning milk? If yes then why If no then why -Q2. Which milk brand do you use?Olpers Good milk Nestle draw Pak Haleeb other please specify -Q.3. which packaged milk do you prefer but unable to purchase receivable to other factors like expensive, health issues etc?Olpers Good milk Nestle Milk Pak Haleeb other please specify -Q.4. you use packaged milk for which purpose? bulletproof bones Calcium Diet conscious Other Q.5. you prefer to buy your particular milk brand for. Disposal packaging Expensive packaging fascinating packaging Health hazards issues other please specify -Q.6. How often do you buy milk? Daily Bulk buying Weekly monthly3.5.2 Population, working population and Planned sampleThe population of consentient Pakistan is targeted for this survey. Working population is Punjab and planned sample is Lahore . The survey is limited to Punjab and further its restricted to the city Lahore collect to the time constraints. As study is confined to Lahore only, therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities.3.5.3 Sample Size ConsiderationFor this study questionnaire will be made to be make full by a total of 100 consumers, living in different locations in Lahore.3.5.4 Choice of try TechniqueThis is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in packaged milk industry.In this research the sampling technique used will be probability. And further under probability the technique used will be convenience sampling technique. Convenience sampling is useful in obtaining large heel of completed questionnaire quickly and eco nomically and large number of respondents can be obtained quickly.3.5.5 Field work and Respondents profileThis is cross sectional study, which will be conducted in a natural setting and it will be covering both descriptive research and as well as causal. It will be based on primary and secondary research. The level of investigation in this study will be focused on the collection of data about consumer preferences in beverages (soft drinks) industry.The relevant data will be collected through a survey. For this purpose a questionnaire will be designed and distributed among consumers. The questionnaire will include information regarding consumers personal preference, brand loyalty, taste preferences and other factors that attract the consumer.The target population will comprise of both male and female customers but mainly targeted to household wives because they better understand the values and needs of their household members, specially children and youngsters and by making their cho ice a preference they can judge more well what they actually want. Consumption of milk is common in every age. For this study the target population will comprise consumers living in different areas of LahoreChapter 4 Estimates, Analysis and Conclusion4.1 Estimated ResultsHypothesisHo The impact of advertising will not effect on consumer demand.H1 The impact of advertising will effect on consumer demand.AnalysisFrom my findings and summary from questionnaire and pilot study it is estimated that advertising will not affect the consumer demand so, Ho is accepted.4.2 Analysis of FindingsThe ratio I found from my analysis is that the maximum age group ranges from 18-25 and 25-35, means that mostly the age group is young and can analyze the factors which can affect the consumer demands. Percentage of age group (35-45) is 22.3%, which is somewhat lower than the age group ranges from 18-35. Age group of 45-55 has a helping of 8.0%. For above 55 component part was 5.45 which was comparat ively lower than the previous ones. Monthly income of household ranges till 30%, Mostly consumers has a monthly income above 50,000. And then role for income 25000-50,000 is 23.3%, for 10,000-25000 consumers percentage was 16.1% which was relatively lower than the30%. Valid percentage I found is 30.4% which for the income group of above 50,000.When I analyzed the occupation for consumers the result collected are that students has a frequency of 15 and their percentage is 15.0% of 100. House wives was the major target market for me so it has a frequency of 60 and percentage I found out is 53.6%, and valid percentage for house wives is 60.0, and most of the consumers were egotism employed the percentage for self employed consumers is 18.8% and their frequency is 21. Another ratio is 3.6% which is for businessman out of 100.and the valid percentage is for housewives which is 60.Percentage for male is 26.8% and frequency is 31. As questionnaire was designed mainly to target the housew ives because preference for packaged milk was required, so they have a percentage of 61.6% ad frequency for female is 69.Marital status for married men and women is 59.8% with a frequency of 67, whereas for unmarried it was 29.5% with a frequency of 33.When consumers were asked that either they used packaged milk or loose milk or both the greater percentage is for both, packaged milk and loose milk as well, packaged milk has a percentage of 42.9% and that for both the percentage it is 46.4%.and there is a very small percentage for only loose milk. Consumers prefer to use both packaged milk and loose milk for different purpose and in different ways.For a milk brand consumers has a higher percentage of 33.9 for Nestle milk pack with a frequency of 38 which is higher than olpers which has a frequency of 28 with a percentage of 25.0% which means that consumers are still loyal to their particular milk brand they try a new product for once but as their taste is developed through out so th ey are satisfied with their particular milk brand, whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 16.1, Good milk has comparatively lower percentage of 2.7 and consumers has other preferences as well such as flavored milk other than plain milk , they have different choices for milk . Percentage for other milk is 10.7% which includes Nurpur, Nesvita , Nirala and Dairy Queen and flavored milk as well. Higher percentage for Nestle Milk pack shows that still after cladding a very tough competition in market with Oplers Haleeb and other competitors Nestle Milk Pack still has its own stand in the market and consumers still prefer Nestle Milk Pack. After analyzing almost 37.5% of the consumers prefer to buy Nesvita, Dairy Queen, Nurpur and Nirala if they are unable to purchase their particular milk brand due to health hazards issues and expensiveness. Although 25 consumers prefer to buy Olpers, and 11.6 % from them has a preference of Good milk whereas Haleeb has a percentage of 10.7 as compare to ot her brands. virtually 28.6% of the consumers buy their particular Milk Brand for Stronger bones and 33 of them buy for the purpose of calcium which can make your bones and body strong and fit, 17 of them were diet conscious. Consumer prefer their particular milk brand for health hazards issues with a frequency of 48, to avoid bacterial effects which are included in loose milk, 8.9% of consumers prefer their milk brand for attractive packaging which attract them through TVC, Billboards, adds in news paper etc. although 4.5% of them are status conscious and they buy their particular milk brand for Expensive packaging. Almost 69.6% of the consumers would buy their particular brand if their brand is changed into uncommon shape and with new features etc, and 18 of them with a percentage of 16.1 would not like to buy it. There are consumers who strongly agree that demand of their particular milk brand is affected by the price emerge and their percentage is 14.3 with a frequency of 16.an d 47 of them agree with this statement, whereas 34 of them are neutral about their decision whether the demand of milk brand is affected by the price cut or not, 34 consumers agree that their demand of buying a particular milk brand is affected by advert, and 64 of them does not agree. Although advertisement of a milk brand is very important for promotion and convincing consumers and giving awareness about their brand, through advertisement consumers can make the mind of consumers to buy their brand, 41 consumers are brand loyal thats why they buy their particular milk brand with a percentage of 36.6, and 23.2% are attracted towards advertisement for the brand and they buy their particular milk brand by watching TV commercials and through different mediums. Consumers are also attracted towards a milk brand for their packaging and their percentage is 24.1. Consumers ranked their quality of milk brand with a percentage of 61.6 and frequency for average is 7.this means that they are s atisfied with their milk brand. And for packaging consumers also have a high percentage of 36.6. For pricing consumer has a preference 34.8 being the highest and 7.1 as satisfactory. Availability of their particular milk brand is good as highest percentage is 42.0. While buying milk 52.7 give preference to whiteness of milk, 38.4% gives preference to thickness, where as 50.0% prefer taste of their milk brand forward buying and 46.6% of consumers prefer to buy a milk brand which is easy to use. Most of the consumers buy milk daily as their percentage is 51.8 with a frequency of 58. Whereas 24.1% of them do bulk buying, and 15 consumers consume milk weekly .Preference of household member is calculated which is 48 those who frequently ask and 25.9% ask their household member rarely before buying a particular milk and 17.9% of them never asked before buying a milk brand, reason being that mostly questioners were filled by the housewives and they are aware of choice and preference of th eir household members. Highest percentage of consuming milk is 1 cubic decimeter and consumption for more than and 1 liter is 50.9%.and consumers like to buy a milk brand from any well reputed departmental store and 36.6% of them buy their milk brand from near by shop. After analyzing packaged milk there are consumers those who use loose milk and they use loose milk for various purposes like tea, desert, drinking etc with a percentage of 25.9. Consumers those who loose milk over packaged milk has an issue of price as their percentage is 28.6, because price of loose milk is comparatively lower than the packaged milk. And most of them use loose milk for availability purpose as well with a frequency of 14.4.4 Limitation of the rentThe study is limited by the following factorsThe study is confined to Lahore only. Therefore, the results may not be generalized well in other cities.There are many other variables which affect consumer pull demand but will not be considered in this study. It is difficult to determine the precise sample size.The consumers may vary in their interlingual rendition of question4.5 ConclusionPeople consume milk in fresh dried and concentrated forms in grocery stores most commonly sold product to consumers is liquid milk. All types of milk (pasteurized, sterilized, UHT, Packaged) or in bulk are required in a country or locality. New packaging placement of milk is a popular and for practical purposes packaged milk powders. From my analysis and finings of questionnaire, pilot study and regression analysis I found out that 58.0% consumer consume milk, and widely used packaged milk is Nestle Milk Pack with a percentage of 33.9. People have different preferences and tastes and they consume milk according to them, consumers also use flavored milk for e.g. chocolate milk, Pakola etc but their percentage is low as compare to plain liquid milk. People living in well developed and posh areas of Lahore like Defence and Gulberg have more preferences of taking packaged milk, while people with lower income bracket prefer to take milk from milk-man. Biggest reason what I find is the extent and the level of prevailing competitiveness in the milk industry. The marketing plans are of key importance in this regard. Consumers are attracted more to the good that is marketed well. There are many advantages of packaged milk, delicious, hygienic, Status symbol and prevailing prices are justified. Milk is one of the essential diets for every age, it helps twist strong bones, and milk is loaded with eight essential vitamins and minerals which are very important and plays a vital role in a human body, and percentage of consumers those who buy milk for health hazards issues are 42.9, and 29.5% of consumers buy milk for disposal packaging, this shows that consumers are quite conscious about their health issues and at the same time they prefer to buy milk which can help them preventing from bacterial affects like cholera, malaria and Diarrhea e tc. price but is not affected for consumers because they have to drink milk, and if prices are increased people cannot stop drinking milk but they adjust accordingly. Although advertising do matters for consumers to know more about their product, and children are attracted towards the doggerel verse that now-a days milk brands are using in their advertisements, because children are more attracted towards packaged milk than loose milk reason being the taste of the packaged milk is more tastier than loose milk packaged milk is healthy, and has no bacterial affects as compare to loose milk.ReferencesAttitude and Usage Trend Study (AUTS). Chocolate Milk. Beverage Usage Attitudes among Consumers. May 2001.International Dairy Foods Association. Milk Facts. 2000 Edition. Washington, D.C. International Dairy Foods Association. November 2000, p. 34.U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration. write in code of Federal Regulations. Title 21, Chapter 1, Part 13 1 (Milk and cream), Subpart B (Requirements for Specific Standardized Milk and Cream). Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office. Revised as of April 1, 2000.Childrens Chocolate Milk Survey. Prepared for topic Dairy Council by McDonald Research, Inc. May 1998.Tomashek, K.M., S. Nesby, K.S. Scanlon, et. al. Commentary nutritional rickets in Georgia. Pediatrics 107(4), April 2001. e45. http//www.pediatrics.org/cgi/ content/full/107/4Kreiter, S.R., R.P. Schwartz, H.N. Kirkman, Jr., P.A. Charlton, A.S. Calikoglu, and M.L. Davenport. Nutritional rickets in African American breast-fed infants. J. Pediatr. 137 153-157, 2000.Guthrie, H.A. Effect of a flavored milk option on a school lunch program. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 71 35-40, 1997.Anderson, G.H. Sugars and health a review. Nutr. Res. 17(9) 1485-1498, 1997.The American dietary Association. Position of The American Dietetic Association use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 98 580-587, 1998.U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Nutrition and Your Health dietetic Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. Washington, D.C. U. S. Government Printing Office, 2000.Guthrie, J.F., and J. F. Morton. Food sources of added sweeteners in the diets of Americans. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 100 43-51, 2000.Washington State Dairy Council 1998, Revised matter Dairy Council 2001. Think Your Drink. 2001.National Dairy Council. A protective effect of dairy foods in oral health. Dairy Council Digest 71(1) 1-6, 2000. http//www.nationaldairycouncil.org/ NationalDairyCouncil/Gibson, S., and S. Williams. Dental caries in pre-school children associations with social class, toothbrushing habit, and consumption of sugars and sugar-containing foods. Caries Res. 33 101-113, 1999.Bowen, W.H., and S.K. Pearson. Effect of milk on carcinogenesis. Caries Res. 27 461-466, 1993.Dehkordi, N., D.R. Rao, A.P. Warren, and C.B. Chawan. Lactose malabsorption as influenced by chocolate milk, skim milk, sucrose, whole milk, and lactic cultures. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 95 484-486, 1995Andrew. M. Novakovic.(1995) Testimony of Fedral Dairy Policy, Cornell University Syracuse New York.Anthony Bennett, Frederic Lhoste, Jay crook and Joe Phetan.(2005) The Future of Small scale Dairying.David Zahn, LLC Windsor Road. E, North Heaven CT.Diana Beccue Brown, (1987) Consumer in Search of Value.FAO (1996) Milk and Milk products Marketing Milk Processing. Narvasana.Lewis. H. Haney, (1920). Integration in Marketing. Vol 10.No 3. (sep,1920),pp.528-545

Parental Involvement in Education Essay -- Parent Involvement in Educat

Parent familiarity in statementParent involvement in a childs education is vital to their success. Many students do really well in aim while others fail. There is an obvious correlation between the accomplished children and their involved sustains. I think that parents just need to be there for a child to succeed. If a mother is the head of the PTA it is easier for her child to do well. As head of the PTA the parent is able to know the due dates of assignments and then help her child complete the assignment. It is easier for a child to thrive when their parent is there with them while they are doing homework. If a parent just asks to see a childs assignments they will feel like what they do in coach matters, and then they will want to do well in school. This will give the child a feeling of reward, and everyone wants to work hard and receive a reward. I would like to know if all children benefit when their parents get involved with their education. Are there some pare nts that are too involved? Where is the line draw between not involved and being involved too much? Are parents supposed to still be involved in high school to help with their childrens success? What are the most common reasons why children fail in school? Why is there a lack of parent involvement? Parent involvement in childrens learning will increase the chances their child will succeed. It is characterized in three different levels. Dr. James reaching of Yale University describes the first level as general participation. This is the most common form of involvement and this includes signing papers, going to conferences, and attending school sponsored activities. Sponsoring school programs and helping in the classroom is the sec... ...ent Is as Easy as PIE Education World. (1). Retrieved March 7, 2004 from the World Wide Web http//www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr030.shtmlKeith, K. K. (2002). The Assignment Checklist Electronic version. About (1), 1.Plevyak, L. (2003, October). Parent Involvement in Education Who Decides?. Education Digest, 69(2), 32-39. Retrieved March 7, 2004, from Academic Search Premier database.Ramey, S. L., & Ramey, C. T. (1999). Going To School. New York Goddard Press, Inc.Schlosberg, J. (1996, January). Get involved when parents participate, children succeed. Better Homes & Gardens, 24-27.Stein, M. R. S., & Thorkildsen, R. J. (1999). Parent Involvement In Education. Bloomington Phi Delta Kappa International.U.S. Department of Education. (1997). Family Involvement in Childrens Education. Washington U.S. Government Printing Office.

Strong Women of Shakespeares Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Strong Women of Othello William Shakespeare often described the women in his plays as being pie-eyed, confident individuals, much different from the stereotypical roles of the time period in which he lived. In Much Ado about Nothing, the main character____(look up) ---describe role. Similarly, in Macbeth, discuss role of Lady Macbeth The women of Othello also displayed characteristics of strong, modern women. .... From the beginning of the play, we insure that Desdemona is a courageous and decisive woman who pursues Othello, falling in love with his intrigued stories of adventure, seeing Othellos visage in his mind, and to his honors and valiant parts... refusing the attempts of other suitors such as Roderigo. We execute aware of Desdemonas determination when she marries Othello, despite accusations from Iago that she is under a spell and is deceiving her father. When her fianc is accused of bewitching her, she immediately defends her love for him. And so much Duty as my commen ce showed to you, preferring you before her father, so much that I may profess due to the Moor my lord. Like many of Shakespeares other female characters, Desdemona does not represent the stereotypical role of sixteenth century women. When Shakespeare wrote Othello, women had few rights and little power in society. They had virtually no say in arranging their own marriages, and were judge to marry a suitor chosen by their father. Desdemona, however, despite proposals from various suitors and public discouragement, continues her pursuit of Othello, and marries him. Although she is bound to her father for life and education , she affirms her belief that she belongs with Othello, and has such colossal love for him, so much that a heave interim shall support his absence . Soon after their elopement, envious Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona has been unfaithful to him. Othello becomes enraged cursing Desdemona as a whore. When Othello questions her, we again see her strong sense of devotion, pleading for his trust rather than vehemently defending herself. I hope my noble lord esteems me reasonable Alas, what ignorant sin have I committed? However, her faith in Othello is so strong that it undermines her modern, prideful characteristics. Consequently, Desdemona is really not as strong and educated as originally perceived, for she continues to attempt to maintain Othellos trust, despite his incredibly harsh accusations. Although her arguments remain strong, the weakness in her character emerges, for she cannot see the monster that her married man is becoming, and failing to realize that he trusts Iago, a man who is extremely competitive with him, over his very wifes word.